Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) a Russian-American psychologist created this ecological systems theory. He believed that the environment a individual lives in has an effect on that person's developmental process. Bronfenbrenner’s theory involving the impact the environment has on a person was constructed into five different levels: the Microsystem, the Mesosystem, the Exosystem, the Macrosystem, and the Chronosystem.
Ecological Systems Theory
1. Microsystem The first section in the ecological system is directed towards the environment in an individual's daily life. This includes family, friends, classmates, teachers, and others, that includes the basic face to face interactions. Furthermore, an individual can have an effect on someone but also another person can place an effect on that individual. |
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4. Macrosystem Taking place in the Macrosystem is the overall culture of his/her’s life. This contains the contextual beliefs that are throughout the entire ecological system. Cultural contexts are involved within an individual including a persons family, race or ethnicity and the poverty of their environment. | The last layer involves the duration of time throughout an individual’s life. That as a person grows old, the way they answer back towards the environment can change from time to time. Experiencing a change tends to be directed towards, socio-historical and ecological contexts that may have an influential impact on a person. 5. Chronosystem |